Microfabrication
Microfabrication is the set of manufacturing processes used to create structures and devices at very small scales—typically from micrometers (millionths of a meter) down to the nanoscale. It is a core technology behind many modern products, especially in electronics, sensors, and biomedical devices.
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Meaning of “microfabrication” (en-US)
Microfabrication is the set of manufacturing processes used to create structures and devices at very small scales—typically from micrometers (millionths of a meter) down to the nanoscale. It is a core technology behind many modern products, especially in electronics, sensors, and biomedical devices.
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How it works (common approaches)
Microfabrication often combines patterning and material processing steps. Common techniques include photolithography (using light to transfer patterns), etching (removing material to form shapes), thin-film deposition (adding layers such as metals or oxides), and doping or ion implantation (modifying material properties). Depending on the device, processes may also include wafer bonding, electroplating, and micromachining to build 3D features.
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Where it’s used
Typical applications include integrated circuits (ICs), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) like accelerometers and pressure sensors, microfluidic chips for lab-on-a-chip systems, and microfabricated components for optics and energy devices. The processes are usually performed on semiconductor wafers or other substrates in cleanroom environments to control contamination and achieve precise dimensions.
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